Unveiling the Population of Siamese Crocodiles in Mesangat Wetlands

Cutting-Edge Approach to Detecting One of the Siamese Crocodiles with Spotlight Survey, eDNA and Drone

The Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) is one of the world’s most endangered crocodilian species, with only a few wild populations remaining. Once widespread across Southeast Asia, habitat loss have pushed this species to the brink of extinction. In Indonesia, evidence of remnant populations remains scarce, making conservation efforts challenging. In 2021, KONKLUSI collaborated with Yayasan Ulin was taking an innovative approach by combining environmental DNA (eDNA) technology, Spotlight Survey, and Drone Survey to confirm the presence of this elusive species in Mesangat wetland.

Our goals of our project are to increase the population size, area of occupancy, genetic, and demographic viability of Siamese crocodiles, to reduce threats to Siamese crocodile populations in East Kalimantan through a community-based approach, and to generate wildlife-conscious local and public communities. 

eDNA, Spotlight Survey, and Drone Survey

Through eDNA sampling, our team collects mud samples from potential habitats and analyzes them for traces of genetic material left behind by Siamese crocodiles. This non-invasive method allows us to detect their presence without disturbing the ecosystem or the species itself. By combining eDNA results with spotlight surveys and drone surveys, we can identify and map priority conservation areas and develop strategic action plans to protect any surviving populations.

Involvement of Local People and early awareness

In addition to conducting eDNA analysis and several surveys to confirm the presence and estimate the population size, we also engaged local communities to be involved as a frontline of Siamese crocodile conservation efforts. We conducted interviews and discussions with local people to gather valuable local insights and identify environmental threats affecting the Siamese crocodile population.

Moreover, we provided educational outreach to schoolchildren around the Mesangat area, introducing them to the Siamese crocodile and its habitat. This initiative aims to foster early awareness and inspire future generations to protect both the species and its environment.

Our Preliminary Findings

  1. Conducted 90 km of drone and spotlight surveys in known crocodile habitats.
  2. The spotlight survey at night identified key crocodile hotspots (but no population numbers were provided).
  3. Fishermen participated in surveys, and some shared stories, including one who kept a Tomistoma crocodile for 10+ years.
  4. The Kenohan Belibis and Paya lakes are now mostly covered by floating grass, causing sedimentation, and Kenohan Tanah Liat lake remains inaccessible except during peak dry seasons.
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